Science Innovations

Drug of choice is that drug which is known to be most effective in order to cure an infection or disease. A drug of choice should be accessible, cost effective, easily tolerable, safe, and most importantly effective against the disease-causing pathogen. Following is the list of few of drugs that are used in the common infections. Dr. Deepak Kumar Pathogen Disease Drug of Choice Actinomyces Actinomycosis Penicillin G Bacillus anthracis Anthrax Ciprofloxacin, Tetracyclines Bordetella pertussis Whooping cough Erythromycin Borelia burgdorferi Lyme disease Tetracycline Campylobacter Acute inflammatory diarrhea Ciprofloxacin Candida Vaginal candidiasis Systemic candidiasis Miconazole Fluconazole Chlamydia trachomatis Pelvic inflammatory disease Doxycycline Chlamydia pneumonia Pneumonia Tetracycline H. influenza ...

Scientists have made Human Egg and Sperm Cells using Skin from two Adults of the same Sex. DEEPAK KUMAR  06 MACH 2015 For the first time, scientists have shown that it’s possible for two people of the same sex to create a baby, without the need for outside egg or sperm donation. The most obvious benefits would be for homosexual couples who want to have a child together, but the method could also help couples who have been affected by infertility. The team, from Cambridge University in the UK and Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science, built on previous work where baby mice were successfully raised from mouse skin cells that had been converted into what’s known as  primordial germ cells - the precursors of egg and sperm cells. It was a real struggle to replicate the process using human biological matter, but now they’ve finally managed to create new human primordial germ cells using skin cells from five human donors and stem cell lines from five human embryos. ...

Scientists discover the strongest known natural material in the world Move over, spider silk, there's a new super-material in town. TARUN ALEX  04 MARCH 2015 Spider silk is pretty amazing. It has the tensile strength of a  high-grade steel alloy , and about half that of the synthetic woven material,  Kevlar . It also has just a sixth of the density of steel, which means you could take a strand that’s long enough to wrap around the whole Earth, and  it’d weigh less than 500 grams . This quality means that spider silk would be five times as strong as the same weight of steel. And while we can’t take away from its incredible properties, we just might have to take away its title of ‘strongest natural material’, because researchers have figured out just how strong the teeth of  limpets , a type of marine snail, are. “Until now, we thought that spider silk was the strongest biological material because of its super-strength and potential applications i...

New research suggests that drinking just one can of caramel-coloured soft drink a day could expose you to unsafe levels of a possible carcinogen. DEEPAK KUMAR   04 MARCH 2015 Soft drinks have never been the most nutritious dietary choice, but new research suggests that an unnecessary coloring ingredient may pose a cancer risk, even to people who consume an average amount of soda. And here's where the problem lies, because 4-MEI has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, as a result of " equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity in female rats ", but no human studies. The chemical in question is a byproduct of caramel colour, a common ingredient that gives colas, root beers and iced teas their dark hue. During production of caramel colour type III and IV, a chemical known as 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) can be produced.  Of course, that doesn't mean the chemical definitely causes cance...

Sodium atoms can be 'driven off' by heating to leave the new orthorhombic silicon structure © NPG The new Si24 allotrope has an open-framework structure of 5-, 6- and 8-membered sp3-bonded silicon rings © Duck Young Kim New silicon allotrope could revolutionise solar cells A new, direct band gap allotrope of silicon has been synthesised by researchers in the US. It could potentially revolutionise solar cells and light-emitting devices by combining the light absorbency of materials like gallium arsenide with the processing advantages of traditional silicon. The present synthesis is long and expensive, but the researchers think it might be possible to get around this. Silicon is the mainstay of the electronics industry, but the common cubic diamond-structured allotrope has an indirect band gap, which means electrons cannot travel between the valence and conduction bands simply by absorbing or emitting a photon: they also require a phonon to conserve mo...

The first non-cluster bond between boron and beryllium has been reported by scientists in Germany. 10 years ago, few reactions existed where boron behaved as an nucleophile. That all changed with the advent of lithium diazaborolide in 2006 , and boron has been partnering up with myriad main- group, transition metal and lanthanide elements ever since. However, despite beryllium sitting right next to boron in the periodic table, a classical two-centre/two-electron bond had never been reported between the two neighbours, until now. Holger Braunschweig and colleagues at the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg have successfully synthesised a linear beryllium bis (diazaborolyl) compound by reacting lithium diazaborolide with beryllium chloride. It contains two highly polar covalent bonds between beryllium and boron, with the beryllium atom as the electrophilic centre – in contrast to the ionic bonding that is typical between lithium diazaborolide and othe...

Posted by: Deepak Kumar New research suggests that a cancer drug developed from sea sponges could help women with one of the most advanced stages of breast cancer live five months longer.  A drug called eribulin could help extend the lives of women with the most advanced forms of breast cancer by at least two months, new research suggests. The drug mimics the behaviour of a compound naturally found in sea sponges. Although it’s not a cure, research presented at the National Cancer Research Institute in Liverpool, UK, has revealed that women with advanced triple negative breast cancer can live for an average of five extra months when taking the drug. The drug is already being used to treat women who have previously undergone two rounds of chemotherapy, but this is the first time it's been tested as an earlier form of treatment. It's now passed Phase III clinical trials, which is the last step before a drug is released onto the market. The incredible resul...